Full Profile
Fast Revision Mode
15 P
Element Revision Sheet

Phosphorus (P)

Nonmetals Block P Group 15 • Period 3
Superhero Identity

"Meet Phosphorus, the glowing architect of life! He builds your DNA, fuels your energy, and ignites sparks, all while literally carrying the light of existence."

A memorable persona to anchor P in your mind.

Density

1.823

Grams per cm³

Melting Point

44.15

Celsius (°C)

Atomic Radius

180

Radius (pm)

Everyday Connection

Daily Life Link

The crunch in your bones and the tip of a matchstick.

Discovery & History

Year Discovered

1669

Discovered By

Hennig Brand

Origin of Name

"The name is derived from the Greek 'phosphoros', meaning bringer of light."

Technical Properties

Atomic Mass

30.974 u

Standard State

solid

Boiling Point

280.5°C

Electron Configuration

[Ne] 3s23p3

1st Ionization Energy

10.487 eV

Electron Affinity

N/A

Oxidation States

[+5 +3 -3]
Appearance

"Looks like a waxy, glowing solid or a reddish powder, depending on its atomic 'mood'."

Did You Know?

1

Light-Bearer by Name: "Phosphorus" comes from the Greek for "light-bearer," a perfect name for an element whose white allotrope famously glows in the dark without needing heat!

2

Gross Discovery Story: Imagine being the first! Alchemist Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669... by boiling down thousands of liters of human urine. Talk about dedication (and a strong stomach)!

3

Shape-Shifter Element: Phosphorus isn't just one material! It exists in cool different forms called allotropes, like super-reactive white phosphorus, stable red phosphorus (found on matchsticks), and even black phosphorus.

4

Your Body's Architect: This element is essential for YOU! It's a critical component of your DNA and RNA, literally forming the structural backbone of your genetic code. You couldn't exist without it!

Ready to Test Your Knowledge?